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- EDUCATION, Page 73Is an Ivy Degree Worth Remortgaging the Farm?
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- In his autobiography, The Education of Henry Adams, the author
- somewhat sourly recalls teaching at Harvard in the 1870s. What
- seemed to perplex Adams was the naive faith of his students that
- their education somehow had a purpose and a utility. When he
- finally asked an undergraduate what he intended to get out of his
- studies, Adams was startled by the answer: "The degree of Harvard
- College is worth money to me in Chicago."
-
- The only aspect of this century-old anecdote that might be
- dated is Adams' surprise. This year, when Harvard sifted through
- 12,843 applications to fill 1,605 places in the class of '93,
- undoubtedly many of these would-be students (and their parents)
- were motivated by equally crass considerations. Popular wisdom
- asserts that getting a pedigree from an Ivy League school is worth
- more in terms of future income and social standing than attending
- any of several dozen other academically rigorous colleges and
- universities.
-
- With a Yale man in the White House and two others in key
- Cabinet posts, it is easy to assume that sociological evidence
- strongly buttresses this collegiate pecking order. But, in truth,
- it is nearly impossible to calculate the value added by, say, a
- Princeton degree compared with one from a selective but less
- prestigious school. Totting up the comparative educational
- backgrounds of honorees listed in Who's Who may reveal something
- about those admitted to Princeton, but little about the quality of
- the experience once there. For how do you separate out the effects
- of an elite university from such life-shaping factors as family
- background and IQ? And when do you measure alumni success -- at age
- 25, when young men and women may still be temporarily riding on the
- reputation of their colleges, or at 70, when such credentials
- belong to the distant past?
-
- This is not to feign ignorance of how the world really works.
- An Ivy education generally does carry with it useful social
- networks, external prestige and the self-esteem that comes with
- winning the college-admissions version of the Publishers Clearing
- House sweepstakes. But these advantages tend to be small and
- transitory, especially when compared with the weight that anxious
- parents and students attribute to them. "For certain kinds of jobs,
- a Harvard degree might help you get a foot in the door," says
- economist Robert Klitgaard, the author of Choosing Elites. "But if
- you look at outcomes -- earnings and social status -- it is very
- hard to make the case that going to Harvard is worth eight times
- going to UCLA, which is roughly the difference in their tuitions."
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- If there is a message in all this for high school seniors and
- their parents nervously prepping for the college gauntlet, it is
- simply "Relax." To its credit, American higher education remains
- infinitely less hierarchical than that of Japan or France. In a
- nation of second chances, no college admissions office -- not even
- Harvard's -- has the power to either guarantee success or withhold
- it.